The best game that comes to mind is
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YDaa3Cq6c7M
Thomas was alone^ : It's an amazing minimalist game that really shows that graphics don't matter and that gameplay is king.
I'm also working on my own minimalist game at the moment for the Xbox 360 for XBLA, and here's a list of other cool minimalist games.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wu6iXBYkGPY
^Everyday the same dream is extremely minimalist and well done. 2d
Canabalt is somewhat minimalist. 2d / 2.5d perspective
Super Meat boy is somewhat minimalist. 2d
Grey - Flash Game on Kongregate 2d
One and one story - somewhat minimalist. 2d
The Floor is Jelly - very minimalist. 2d
Wonderputt - minimalist in some aspect. 2.5d
Monaco - 2.5dish
Frozen Synapse - 2.5dish
Fez - 2.5d - 3d world
Feist - 3d (use's Limbo-est aesthetics)
Limbo - 3d (styling / thematic visual style)
Audiotorium - 3d ish
Journey - 3d (minimalist in some aspect)
Audiosurf - 3d (minimalist in some aspect)
CubeMen - is a 3d Mac OS / PC shooter.
Edge (iPhone game) very minimalist. 3d - 2.5d
Antichamber Game (minimalist and confusing)
"The best advice I learned at the GDC 2012 Writing Better Games Narrative workshop is that students should focus on - this : "Game Play is king". -- Everything else will follow as long as gameplay is the primary focus."
Edit : * Sorry these are mostly 2d games.