I've found the keywords "subpalette" and "PPU palette", but they seem to be NES-specific. Though the idea of using a small palettes table and use 2 bits per pixel in an image (+ few bits reference to a palette per tile) looks like a cool retro compression method with low decompression drawbacks, so I guess it was used more widely.

Does this technique (of using different palettes for different blocks of pixels) have a name? Does it have a usage apart from NES?