I think all the normal Unity answers (nGUI, etc.) aren't going to help you. I'm looking into VR stuff now, and standard 2D techniques just don't work well. Ideally you want to put your UI into the world, but adjust its position based on the camera.
Simplest answer I can suggest is to create a simple cuboid Mesh object, parented underneath your OVRCameraController (so it's essentially locked to your head) and positioned such that it's always visible in front of your viewpoint. Then animate its transform over time (e.g. scale it from 0.0 to 1.0 along one axis to make it appear as if it were growing.
Actually, given the lack of frame of reference, a standard progress bar might not be so good. Maybe try a cube which scales down to 0,0,0 (i.e. shrinks and disappears when the progress bar is done). Or maybe have two cuboids, one transparent and sized at 100%, the other sized at 0% and scaling up. When the two cuboids are the same size the progress bar is done.