Documentation linked by akaltar has something to say about kerning support in SDL_ttf: https://www.libsdl.org/projects/SDL_ttf/docs/SDL_ttf.html#IDX24
Most important for you is last sentence:
There's currently no method to retrieve the kerning for a pair of characters from SDL_ttf, However correct kerning will be applied when a string of text is rendered instead of individual glyphs.
It seems that only method would be to use FreeType directly. As there is no way to get FT_Face
from SDL_ttf context you would have to open font yourself and use FT_Get_Index
and FT_Get_Kerning
(http://www.freetype.org/freetype2/docs/reference/ft2-base_interface.html).
Maybe it would not be that hard to add such functionality to SDL_ttf and then push it upstream.
Problem is SDL_ttf seems to not have separate user callable shaping phase - where placing glyphs is separate process to rendering them. It's just simpler API.