How can I change the value of a matrix uniform in an OpenGL vertex shader?

Question

I'm new at OpenGL. I have a uniform transform matrix in a vertex shader file. I want to modify the matrix by individually assigning each values in the matrix. How can I do that in C++?

I learned that we have to get location variable by using glGetUniformLocation but I am not sure how to access and modify index n with it with glUniform.

Answer 1

First you get the uniform's location:

GLint location = glGetUniformLocation(programId, "uniform name");

Once you have the location you can send the entire value of the matrix via glUniformMatrix4fv:

const GLFloat matrix[] = { ...16 values of the matrix here... };
glUniformMatrix4fv(location, 1, GL_FALSE, matrix);

Thus, to change a single element, change it in the CPU-side representation of the matrix (for example, set matrix[4] = 1.0f) and re-send the entire matrix uniform, leaving the rest of the elements unchanged.

If, for some reason, you no longer have a CPU-side copy of the matrix value, you can use glGetUniformfv to query the current value of a uniform based on its location. Note that you should generally keep a CPU-side copy of the matrix around because modifying it and sending it via glUniformMatrix4fv alone is going to be faster than first querying it via glGetUniformfv, modifying the queried data, and resending it.

(You cannot directly query and modify a single element of a matrix via OpenGL, you can only query and send the 16 elements all at once; you can modify a single element of the 16-element array on the CPU however.)

Answer 2

using glUniformMatrix4fv:

float[16] matrix = {/*16 individual values*/};

glUniformMatrix4fv(location​, 1, GL_FALSE, matrix ​);

this will overwrite all 16 values, if you want to keep the old ones you can keep them yourself or query them with glGetUniform