Vector movement in space type game (Mouse rotation)

Question

I'm having an issue with my movement in my 'game' prototype. It's basically not working and admittedly my knowledge with vectors is lacking.

The issue I'm running into is that the ship won't move in the direction of my mouse. (I'm using my mouse as rotation)

Mouse look example video I took yesterday

I would love it if someone could look at my code/Vector math and tell me if they can notice anything I'm doing terribly wrong, I would greatly appreciate it.

private Vector2f acceleration;
private Vector2f force;
private Vector2f velocity;
private Vector2f position;
private Image image = null;
private float mass;
private float angle;

//Constructors
public Ship(float xin, float yin) {
    this.mass = 5000; // temp value of mass
    this.angle = 0;

    // Image of the ship
    try {
        this.image = new Image("res/ship.png");
    } catch (SlickException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }

    // Vectors
    position = new Vector2f(xin, yin);
    velocity = new Vector2f(0, 0);
    acceleration = new Vector2f(0, 0);
    force = new Vector2f(0, 0);
}

public void update(Input input, float delta) {
    float mouseX = input.getMouseX();
    float mouseY = input.getMouseY();

    float xDistance = mouseX - (position.x + image.getWidth()/2);
    float yDistance = mouseY - (position.y + image.getHeight()/2);

    angle = (float) (Math.toDegrees(Math.atan2(yDistance, xDistance)) + 90);
    image.setRotation((float)angle);

    if (input.isKeyDown(Input.KEY_W)) {
        this.move(delta);
    } else if (input.isKeyDown(Input.KEY_S)) {
        //this.move(delta);
    } else {
        acceleration = new Vector2f(0, 0);
    }
}

public void move(float delta) {
    /*
     * Acceleration = Force / Mass
     * Velocity += Acceleration * ElapsedTime (delta)
     * Position += Velocity * ElapsedTime (delta)
     */
    System.out.println(delta); //debugging
    //delta = delta/10; //debugging
    //System.out.println(delta); //debugging
    force = angleToVector(angle); // Direction
    force = force.normalise();
    force = force.scale(2);
    acceleration = force.scale(1/mass);

    velocity = velocity.add(acceleration.scale(delta));
    position = position.add(velocity.scale(delta));
}

public Vector2f angleToVector(float angle) {
    return new Vector2f((float)Math.cos(angle), (float)Math.sin(angle));
}

If you want to see the full .java for my ship class here's a link.

Answer 1

I notice the following:

When you are updating the angles, you are doing the following:

angle = (float) (Math.toDegrees(Math.atan2(yDistance, xDistance)) + 90);

And when you are moving you are doing this:

force = angleToVector(angle); 

Which means you are REALLY doing this:

Vector2f((float)Math.cos(angle), (float)Math.sin(angle))

To break this down:

1. get mouse vector (correct)
2. convert vector to relative vector based on position of ship (correct)
3. convert vectory to radians with Math.atan2 (correct)
4. use toDegrees to give degrees instead of radians (iffy--see below)
5. add 90 (iffy--see below)
6. store in this.angle (correct)

Then, when moving:

1. take the value in this.angle (correct)
2. don't subtract 90 (fail)
3. don't convert to radians (fail)
4. convert to vector with sin and cos (correct)
5. use the force vector to calculate acceleration (correct)
6. use acceleration to move the ship

So, near as I can see, your problem is failing to do two of your conversions the one way that you do the other way.

One potential fix is to make sure that the conversion is performed the same back and forth, i.e. subtract 90 and convert to radians.

Another potential fix, and the one I recommend, is to not change to degrees and back at all. Instead, do the following:

private static final float ANGLE_FACTOR=90.0f;
public void setAngle(float theAngle){angle = theAngle;}
public float getAngle(){return angle;}
public float getImageAngle(){return Math.toDegrees(getAngle()+ANGLE_FACTOR);}

You then use this to set the angle

setAngle(Math.atan2(yDistance, xDistance));

And this for the force vector

force = angleToVector(getAngle()); 

And this to set the image angle:

image.setRotation(getImageAngle());

Alternately, you could also cache the image angle at the same time that you set the angle itself.

Third and final option: normalize the vector from the mouse coordinates (i.e. divide by the length of the vector, if it is not zero), calculate the image angle from that, then you don't have so many conversions all over the place.