Sorry for the delay in getting back to this question. Based upon your clarification I have completely re-written this answer.
What you're basically doing here is "tiling". You have a 5x5 map (real pixel dimensions are 500x500) and each coordinate on the map can have a rock or not have a rock. You will have a tile for no rock on the map, and another tile which will have the rock. This tile will be a static or animated graphics image like a .png, .jpg, or .gif and you would copy -- or "blit" -- it onto the display in the proper place.
I don't have those graphical files so I have to make do. I will create a "surface" for the tile, and instead of importing an image into it I'll just fill it with a background colour:
tileEmpty = pygame.Surface((100,100))
tileEmpty.fill((0,255,0))
I will base the tile for the rock on the empty tile, then just add the "rock" over top of whatever's there. The "rock" isn't elaborate in any way, just a grey circle, but I first will copy the empty tile:
tileRock = tileEmpty.copy()
tempRect = tileRock.get_rect()
pygame.draw.circle(tileRock, (128,1,28,128), tempRect.center, tempRect.center[0], tempRect.center[0])
What's going on here is that I'm creating a new surface for the rock by copying the surface which contains the "empty" map tile. To do the figuring-outs I'll need to get the rect of that surface. On that surface I will simply draw a grey circle. The .draw.circle() method is well-documented, but I'll need the colour, the centre of the rect, and the width of the line used to draw the circle. The .center property of the rect conveniently gives us the width of the line as well as the centre of the circle.
You wouldn't do it this way, of course; you'd have a tilesheet already drawn up with 100x100 (or whatever) images and you'd just pick off of that.
As per my previous reply, you'd still use y * mapwidth + x to pluck the map contents from the bitmapped map contents. What's different in this reply is that you'd multiply the x and y by the width of the tile to find where to put it.
There are many ways that you could get tiles onto the display, but for simplicity I've chosen to use a simple 'for x / for y' iteration. In practice you'd have a limited view onto your map and you'd have to calculate a rectangle out of a much larger bitmap to display it.
Here is a working program which demonstrates the basics:
import pygame
pygame.init()
#this is the entire 5x5 map as a bitmap
bitMap = [1,1,1,1,0,
0,0,0,0,0,
0,0,0,0,0,
0,0,0,0,0,
0,0,0,0,0]
#some predefined colour constants
FIELD = pygame.Color(0,255,0) #colour of the empty field
ROCK = pygame.Color(128,128,128) #colour of the rock
#set up the main 500x500 display
display = pygame.display.set_mode((500, 500))
pygame.display.set_caption("Tile Time")
#make an empty tile
tileEmpty = pygame.Surface((100,100))
tileEmpty.fill(FIELD)
#make a tile with a rock
tileRock = tileEmpty.copy()
tempRect = tileRock.get_rect()
pygame.draw.circle(tileRock, ROCK, tempRect.center, tempRect.center[0], tempRect.center[0])
#draw the map -- very straight-forward!
for x in range(5): #because bitMap is 5x5
for y in range(5): #because bitMap is 5x5
dest = (x * 100, y * 100) #calculate where to put the tile
if bitMap[y*5+x] == 1: #gets contents of bitmap at (x,y)
display.blit(tileRock, dest) #display a rock
else:
display.blit(tileEmpty, dest) #display not a rock
pygame.display.flip() #update the display
input()
The input() is just to keep the code simple; no need for a game loop for this. Depending how you run the code you may need to Ctl-C out of it, though.
