There are many ways we could choose which paths the energy will take, so here are a couple of starting points we could try.
1. Spanning Tree
This approach is inspired by dielectric breakdown, the phenomenon where a large potential difference across an insulator will drill a branching tree of conductive channels through it - lightning is the most familiar example.
We start by giving each edge a score based on the energy difference between its endpoints - we can consider this a measure of how "ionized" this edge is, and how eagerly energy will flow along it.
Next we run a minimum spanning tree algorithm on our graph, using the negative absolute value of this ionization score as our edge weight. Prim's algorithm or Kruskal's will both do great. This gives us a subset of our edges forming a tree that touches every node, which will become our energy distribution network.
Now you can pick a root of the tree arbitrarily, and work through the edges starting from the leaf nodes. Total-up the deviation from the average energy value in each subtree. The amount flowing down (leafward) along the subtree's incoming edge must be the negative of this value.
eg. if I have a leaf node with -1 energy difference from the average, then 1 unit of energy must flow down the edge leading to it.
If its parent has +2 deviation and a second child node with +1 deviation, then the parent's incoming edge must carry 2 energy back toward the root: -1 * (-1 + 2 + 1) = -2
2. System of Equations
Treating the amount of energy carried along each (oriented) edge as a variable, we can construct a system of linear equations, with one equation per node:
[Node's deviation from average]
+ [sum of incoming edge variables]
- [sum of outgoing edge variables]
= 0
Here's how that system of equations might look for the example graph:

This system will usually be under-determined, since you'll have more edges (variables) than nodes (equations/constraints), meaning you'll have multiple solutions to choose from - unless of course your graph is a tree, in which case we can use the rule above to find the single unique solution.
The nice thing about this approach is it makes the problem pretty generic - something you can chuck at a general linear system solver library (or integer programming solver, if you want to enforce a constraint that each edge carry a whole number of charges).
By playing with the solver objective function, you can search the solution space for options that spread the load as evenly as possible over all paths, as opposed to the spanning tree approach which necessarily concentrates the flow along a minimal transport network.