I have never used Corona before but reading through the documentation I believe you can't easily retrieve these coordinates back from the generated display object. From what I read, display.newLine returns a vector display object to which you can append as many vertices as you want, but there's no way to access those values.
I guess you could use line.contentBounds to get back the size of the rectangle that encompasses the line, but this wouldn't tell you which diagonal to pick.
What I would suggest is to encapsulate this behavior in your own separate Line class (if that's possible in Corona) which stores the vertices, provides access to them, and generates the display object for you. Since I'm not familiar with Corona I'll use another language, but try to think of it as pseudocode.
I hope you can understand the general idea and can adapt it to some Corona equivalent. Let me know if there's something you don't understand:
class Line
{
public Line(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2)
{
this.x1 = x1;
this.y1 = y1;
this.x2 = x2;
this.y2 = y2;
}
public int x1, y1, x2, y2;
public DisplayObject GetDisplayObject()
{
return display.newLine(x1, y1, x2, y2);
}
public bool Intersects(Line other)
{
// Line segment intersection algorithm
}
}